Mood Congruence and Incongruence in Bipolar Disorder

Mood Congruence and Incongruence in Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Print Mood Congruence and Incongruence in Bipolar Disorder Classification helps differentiate psychotic episodes By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 16, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 23, 2020 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights Mood incongruence is a term used to describe a serious symptom of bipolar disorder. It is a psychotic feature of the disease wherein the persons belief or action, whether by hallucination or delusion, does not match with his or her mood. By contrast, mood congruence also describes a psychotic symptom of bipolar disorder, but, in this case, the belief or action is consistent with that persons mood. While the difference between mood congruence and incongruence may seem of little consequenceâ€"given that they both related to a psychotic episodeâ€"the way in which each impacts a persons ability to function and thrive can be strikingly different. Examples of Mood-Incongruent and Mood-Congruent Symptoms Incongruent means conflicting. As such, mood incongruence implies that the symptoms conflict with the persons current mood. Examples include: Laughing when your dog diesBelieving you have super powers despite going through a major depressive episode In each case, the actions of the person do not match either the situation or emotional state. The delusion of superpowers, for example, in no way coincides with themes of powerlessness that are inherent in depression. By contrast, congruent means in agreement. In this case, any symptoms, however extreme, are considered mood-congruent when they in agreement with the persons current mood. Examples include: Feeling suicidal when your dog diesBelieving you have super powers when you are going through a manic episode No matter how unreasonable the responses may be, they nevertheless match the circumstance or emotional state of that person at that moment. Psychosis Within the context of bipolar disorder, both mood congruence and incongruence are used to describe a psychotic feature of the disease. We dont use mood congruence, for example, to describe a person with bipolar disorder who has a reasonable response to a situation. The terms simply allow us to classify any false beliefs a person may have in order to provide appropriate treatment. We refer to these false beliefs as psychoses. Psychosis is simply a break from reality, a condition which more often happens during a manic episode and even a depressive episode (but never with a hypomanic episode). Psychosis involves hallucinations  (experiencing things that are not real) and/or delusions  (believing things that are not real). Psychosis Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Hallucinations and Delusions Most people tend to associate hallucinations with schizophrenia, but they can happen in bipolar disorder, as well. Hallucinations involve experiences or perceptions that are not real, whether they be things a person sees, hears, smells, tastes, or physically feels. Examples include: A mood-congruent hallucination in a depressive episode would involve themes such as guilt or sadness. For example, hearing a voice that tells you that youre worthless.A mood-congruent hallucination in a manic episode would involve grandiosity, like seeing the president in your living room.A mood-incongruent hallucination in a depressive episode would have you  experiencing sensations contrary  to your depression without any feelings of guilt, death, disease, inadequacy, or deserved punishment.A mood-incongruent episode in a manic episode would be just the opposite, perhaps voices telling you that youre unworthy or deserve punishment. Delusions, by contrast, are firmly held beliefs that are neither true nor based in reality. They do not involve hallucinations but instead play out in beliefs and actions that are contrary to reality. Delusions in Bipolar Disorder Psychosis Treating People With Bipolar Disorder Treatment typically involves the management of symptoms and the prevention of mood episodes. This includes the use of medication (mood stabilizers, antidepressants, antipsychotics) and psychotherapy.?? It is important that any person with bipolar disorder receive ongoing care and medical oversight. This is especially true for those experiencing mood-incongruent symptoms in whom the risk of hospitalization and suicide is far greater. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Child Abuse Prevention And Treatment Act - 1605 Words

Joseph Meadowcroft Research Essay Composition 1 Childhood Abuse Every child will certainly have many life experiences before they are mature. A child is very susceptible when developing, at every corner there are dangerous things from the environment surrounding them which might seriously impact their entire life. As definition in the Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act: Child abuse is any action from adult to a child that could be harmful to the child’s body or mental state (kidsmatter). In 2012, they were a reported 3.6 million investigations by Child Protective Services agency’s involving more than 6 million kids. In the U.S, an estimated 899,000 children (24.97%) were recognized to be targets of child abuse (childhelp).†¦show more content†¦Besides these issues, child abuse also has dangerous impacts to other parts of the kid’s life, for example: behavior effects, physical effects and emotional effects (Corby-Brian 12). This paper will discuss about the causes, and bad impacts of child abuse as well as provide suggestions to help the victims. It is completely surprising to know that one of the causes is due to the child’s parents. Actually, if either of the kid’s dad or mom falls into an abusing condition such as alcohol or drugs, these children will not be able to be given proper attention to develop as a normal child. With adult substance abuse the child could be neglected or beaten lacking any guilt. Based on the report from the Department of Health and Human Services, in 2012, approximately 81.3% abused child cases were made by at least one of the child’s parents (kidsmatter). There was a story about a twelve-year old girl, named Joan, who had experienced extreme neglect during her younger years by her parents. It was so bad that she needed to be sent to a treatment center to help build her back up psychologically. Even After over a year of receiving treatment at the Center Joan has still not recovered completely and her parents lost their daughter to social services (Higgins, Martina 22). Next source of child abuse comes from the ecological causes. Certainly, a family in poverty situations has always struggled with serious problems in finance. Therefore, children starting

Peace Negotiations in International Security - 1477 Words

Post-Cold War era is marked by the dominance of peace negotiations in international security, and Middle-east (ME) being a conflict area for a long time, got adequate focus. Tale of oil rich ME is a story of conflicts having Israel-Palestine issue at the core, and the stability and peace of this region largely hinged on to the solution of this issue. So far, a number of unsuccessful initiatives have been taken by world community for the solution of the issue. ‘Roadmap for peace’ was one of such initiative, initially coined by USA, which calls for a two state solution. Like other past initiatives this also turned into a failure. Though the share of blame for failure goes to all stake holders, however, USA got the large share of blames from international community due to her bias stance towards Israel. This biasness is driven from long drawn USA-Israel relationship built upon factors like sympathy for Israel within USA, mental alikeness, strategic importance of Israel, in fluences of Israeli Lobby etcetera. Though all these factors have their role in shaping US foreign policy in ME but many argue that Israeli Lobby plays the most dominant role. In this essay an endeavour will be made to discuss biasness of USA towards Israel in Israel-Palestine peace process and discuss USA-Israel relationship as the basis of such biasness, using Roadmap (2003) as case study. In the process, it will first discuss peace negotiation in general, followed by discussions on Roadmap and the role andShow MoreRelatedCollective Security Especially in Times of War and Conflict1490 Words   |  6 Pageswith another person’s idea and that can cause trouble. Likewise, because there are so many states in the international scene, it is often hard to come to a unanimous decision regarding an issue. Even if there is an agreement that majority of the states agree upon, some states can be stubborn and rebel against this agreement. This is where collective security comes into pl ay. Collective security is the idea that all states will come together to prevent an uncooperative state from using means of forceRead MoreThe United States : Diplomatic Relations With The Iran1198 Words   |  5 Pagesextradition of the Shah to Iran. Due to the conflict that followed, the United States decided to break the diplomatic relations with Iran. And with a lack of formal diplomatic channels, both countries have attempted to use informal channels for negotiations instead. The US doesn’t want to exchange ambassadors with Iran, but has an interests section in Washington D.C. in the Pakistani Embassy. The US interests section in Tehran is maintained at the Swiss Embassy, since the termination of formal channelsRead MoreEssay about Ethnic Conflict in the Middle East1665 Words   |  7 Pagesin the Middle East. The ethnic conflict theory explains that it is not territory, politics, or economics that prevents the achievement of peace between the Israeli and Palestinian peoples, instead, it is a deep-seated hatred of one another that neither group can overcome. The Camp David Summit in July 2000, the most recent attempt at fostering a lasting peace is a clear example of how ethnocentrism can prevents success. Contrasting with neo-realism, which says that states are unitary, the ethnicRead MoreIndia s Issue Of Kashmir1558 Words   |  7 PagesIndia thinks that Kashmir is not the issue for an international concern and India does not consider UN’s take on any political action over Kashmir. India’s apprehension of Kashmir is reasonable somehow because India has fought three times with Pakistan regarding Kashmir’s issue. On the contrary, resolution does not come through military action. According to India, if India is ready to establish Kashmir as a democratic province with all the privileges of an autonomous, there is no guarantee to KashmirRead MoreUnited Nations on settling International Disputes Essay examples1106 Words   |  5 PagesPeople see the United Nations as an international organization that is there always for international disputes, international peacekeepers at the heart of everything else they do. Giving hope to this confused world. Although, who†™s really behind this? Aside from the big three- UN Secretary General, the Security Council and the General Assembly, which are considered the most famous among the other organs, the UN is composed of many other smaller distinct and independent entities. (White 3) TheRead MoreEssay The Ends, Ways and Means of Us Policy Towards North Korea1156 Words   |  5 PagesThe Ends, Ways, and Means of US Policy Towards North Korea By Cynthia M. Lewis Inter/National Security Studies Lesson 8 22 June 2012 Instructor: Dr. Bruce Bechtol Jr. Air Command and Staff College Distance Learning Maxwell AFB, AL One of the security challenges facing the United States (US) is the US and North Korea relations. The US policy toward North Korea is diplomatic yet firm. North Korea is our longest standing adversary. Policy toward North KoreaRead MoreInternational Chaos Of The United Nations823 Words   |  4 Pagescontemporary international politics, since there are â€Å"no hierarchy of authority exists in international relations† (Pease, 2008:51). International anarchy does not always mean chaos or disorder, however, it urges each state to arm itself for self-defence, and it may also fraught with serious military conflict. Although the Preamble of the United Nations (UN) Charter states that one of the duties of the UN is to â€Å"maintain international peace and security†, it is not widely regarded as international governmentRead MoreDisagreements on the Negotiation Process of the Camp David Summit1325 Words   |  5 PagesMany disagreements would arise in the negotiatio n process of the Camp David Summit that would lead it to be unsuccessful. Disagreements such as the division of territory, the dispute over Jerusalem, Security and Refugee arrangements arose in the negotiations. However, most of the criticism for the failure at Camp David Summit was not pressed on toward the disagreement, it was pressed on Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat. In this paper, it will mention about blaming Arafat, disagreementRead MoreIndonesian Government Case Study754 Words   |  4 Pagesterritorial integrity (Shihab 1999) and started a peace talk between the Indonesian government and GAM with the facilitator of Switzerland-based Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HDC) in which cultivated Humanitarian Pause in 2000 and Cessation of Hostilities Agreement (COHA) in December 2000 (Aspinall 2005, p.3) and revisited the issue of autonomy and draft law that give Aceh a larger share of profits from natural resources (McCulloch 2005, p. 8). However, the peace agree ments broke down during Megawati’sRead MoreThe Arab Israeli Conflict Essay1263 Words   |  6 Pagesthe historic accords were never fully implemented and the Palestinians remain a stateless nation. Further steps toward Israeli-Arab peace, including the Cairo Agreement, Oslo II and the Camp David Summit, have fallen short of the goals of both parties. 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Secularization Free Essays

Historically, â€Å"secularization† first referred to the process of transferring property from religious jurisdiction to that of the state or other no religious authority. In this organizational sense, â€Å"secularization† still means the decline of formal religious authority for example; in education, prisons, and hotel room bedside tables. Institutional secularization has been fueled by the breakdown of a unified Christendom since the Reformation, on the one hand, and by the increasing validation of society and culture from the Enlightenment to modern scientific society, on the other. We will write a custom essay sample on Secularization or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some political analysts prefer the term â€Å"laicization† to describe this institutional secularization of society, that is, the replacement of official religious control by no religious authority. [1][2] It is clear that these two forces represent opposite tendencies of thought. To insist upon the principles of traditional Christianity is to rob modern views of its very life; it opposes pessimism to the optimism of modern thought. And yet reconciliation between the two is not absolutely impossible. It can take place, however, only as the result of a modification of the current view of Christianity. A new conception of religion must make itself felt, and this change can be readily effected. It must center on the person of Jesus and must abandon its dogmatic system. In the person and in the preaching of Christ, as an historical phenomenon, we have the basis for an understanding between Christianity and the culture of our day. Jesus himself never accepted the total corruption of man as the basis of his preaching. Rather it was an ideal of moral perfection that he held up to his believers–of life in God and activity according to his will. 2] Secularism has also influenced Western art since the Classical period, while most art of the last 200 years has been produced without suggestion to religion and often with no particular ideology at all. On the other hand, Western art has often been influenced by politics of one kind or another, of the state, of the benefactor and of the artist. While institutional and ideological secularization have been preceded at the same time over the past few centuries, the relationship between the two is not exact or necessary. Even in a medieval, Constantinian setting, formally religious in character, men and women were not untouched from having their life, thought, and work shaped by secular influences. In an institutionally secular (laicized) society it is possible for individuals and groups to live, think, and work in ways that are motivated and guided by God and religion. [1] With a great deal of emphasis on contemporary discussions of Christianity and secularism the confrontational Letters and Papers from Prison penned by writer, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, because the work is incomplete leaves much to the imagination and not enough fact. Bonhoeffer’s notions start heavy debates on the meaning and implications starting with titles like: â€Å"Christian worldliness,† â€Å"man-come-of-age,† the world’s arrival at â€Å"adulthood,† and the need for a â€Å"non-religious interpretation of Biblical terminology. † Other writers Friedrich Gogarten (The Reality of Faith, 1959), Paul van Buren (The Secular Meaning of the Gospel, 1963), Harvey Cox (The Secular City, 1965), Ronald Gregor Smith (Secular Christianity, 1966), and the â€Å"death-of-God†: all leave little to the imagination just as Bonhoeffer’s does. These are examples of those who have shadowed one possible course. Kenneth Hamilton (Life in One’s Stride, 1968) denies that this is the best way to interpret Bonhoeffer and argues that these writers hesitated in his indispensable, orthodox attitude. [2] Of course, the differences between the sacred and the secular is an undeniable gap; In the same way that God speaks and acts Christians must speak and act inventively and full of redemption for there actions. In all cases, Christian life in the secular world is to be carried out under the Lordship of Jesus Christ and in compliance to the will of God rather than the will of the world. Christians may work to ensure that the Word of God is heard and is given room among the many other voices which will constitute the diverse whole. To insist that the Word of God be imposed on all without exception is to fall once again into an unbiblical oppression. To fail to articulate the Word of God in the saeculum, however, is to give in in a secularism which, by excluding the Creator, can lead only to death. Deliverance from sin and forgiveness of sin were indeed emphasized in his preaching; but his dominant thought was that of struggle toward an ideal moral life. This is the idea that must take possession of modern Christianity, if it is to be reconciled with modern views and civilization and to win for itself the educated classes. Not as a dogmatic system, but as a moral power, based on the powerful personality of Jesus, must Christianity be proclaimed to the thinking people of our times? How to cite Secularization, Essay examples

Quiz solutions Essay Example

Quiz solutions Paper Just declared hat it is increasing its annual dividend from $1. 00 per share to $1. 25 per share. Fifth stock price remains constant, then the dividend yield will increase. This is because the denominator in dividend yield remains unchanged, but the numerator increases. 6. A bond that makes no coupon payments and is initially priced at a deep discount is called a zero. Coupon bond. 7. A symmetric, bell. Shaped frequency distribution that is completely defined by its mean and standard deviation is the Normal distribution. 8. Which one of the following is a correct statement concerning risk premium? The greater the volatility of returns, the greater the risk premium. 9. Estimates using the arithmetic average will probably tend to overestimate values over the long-term while estimates using the geometric average will probably tend to underestimate values over the short- term, 10. The risk premium for an individual security is computed by multiplying the securitys beta by the market risk premium. CAMP = REF + Beta x (MR.) 11. Standard deviation measures total risk. 12. Which one of the following would indicate a portfolio is being effectively diversified? A decrease in the portfolio standard deviation 13. The intercept point of the security market line is the rate of return which corresponds to the risk free rate of return. (the y-intercept here, from the formula for the slope of a line) 14. The principal amount of a bond that is repaid at the end of the loan term is called the bonds face value (note the question asks for principal amount, not date) 15. Which one of the following statements is correct concerning the expected rate Of return on an individual stock given various States Of the economy? We will write a custom essay sample on Quiz solutions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Quiz solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Quiz solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The expected return is a weighted average where the probabilities of he economic states are used as the weights. 6. The Capital Market Line is the pricing relationship between the optimal portfolio and the standard deviation of portfolio return. (extra credit question) Quantitative questions: 1 7, The Lo Sun Corporation offers a 6% bond with a current market price of $875. 05. The yield to maturity is 7. 34%. The face value is $1,000. Interest is paid semiannually, How many years is it until this bond matures? IV -875. 05 p MET 60/2 RATE or i/y 7. 34%/2 NIPPER or n ex. = 16 18 Six months ago, you purchased 100 shares Of stock in BBC co. T a price Of $43. 89 a share. BBC stock pays a quarterly dividend of $. 10 a share. Today, you sold all Of your shares for $45. 13 per share. What is the total amount Of your capital gains on this investment? The information about the dividends is not needed to solve for capital gains. 19. The common stock of Eddies Engines, Inc. Sells for $25. 71 a share. The stock is expected to pay SSL . 80 per share next month when the annual dividend is distributed. Eddies has established a pattern of increasing its dividends by 4% annually and expects to continue doing so. What is the market rate of return on this stock? This is a constant growth or Gordon growth model problem. 20, Fred Flintlock wants to earn a total of on his investments. He recently purchased shares of BBC stock at a price of $20 a share. The stock pays a $1 a year dividend. The price of BBC stock needs to if Fred is to achieve his rate of return. Total return dividend yield capital gains yield = 1/20 + cap gains yell = 5% + cap gains yield cap gains yield therefore price must increase by 21. The common stock of Grady Co. Had an 11. 25% rate of return last year. The dividend amount was 5. 0 a share which equated to a dividend yield Of I _5%. What was the rate of price appreciation on the stock? 11. 25% -9. 75% 22. Your firm offers a ID-year, zero coupon bond. The yield to maturity is 8. 8%. What is the current market price Of a $1,000 face value bond? IV 430. 24 RATE or i,y 10 *note: this bond used annual compounded as was given during the exam. 23. Angelicas made two announcements concerning its common stock today, First, the company announced that its next annual dividend has been set at $2. 16 a share. Secondly, the company announced that all future dividends will increase y 4% annually. What is the maximum amount you should pay to purchase a share of Angelicas stock if your goal is to earn a rate of return? 24 The bonds issued by Manson Son bear a 6% coupon, payable semiannually, The bond matures in 8 years and has a $1,000 face value. Currently, the bond sells at par. What is the yield to maturity? IV 65/2 3%xx = *Note: a bond selling at par value will have a yield to maturity equal to its coupon rate. 25. Eight months ago, you purchased 400 shares of Winston, Inc. Stock at a price of $54. 90 a share. The company pays quarterly dividends of $. 50 a share. Today, you sold all of your shares for $49. 30 a share. What is your total percentage return on this investment? In eight months, you would receive two dividends, for total dividends per share of $1. 00 26. Zoom, Inc. Stock has a beta of 1. 5. The risk-free rate of return is 3. 7% and the market rate of return is 9. 5%, What is the amount of the risk premium on Zoom stock? This is the Capital Asset Pricing Model. 3. 7% + 3. 7%) = 3. 7% + 8. 7%, therefore the risk premium on Zoom stock is 8. 7% 27 _ Chocolate and Rum, Inc. Offers a 7% coupon bond With semiannual payments and a yield to maturity of 7. %. The bonds mature in 9 years. What is the market price Of a 51,000 face value bond? IV 953. 28 75/2 7. 73%/2 28. The Reading Co. Has adopted a policy of increasing the annual dividend on its common stock at a constant rate of annually, The last dividend it paid was $0. 90 a share. What will the companys dividend be in six years? This is future value: 29. Cant Hold Me Back, Inc. Is preparing to pay its first dividends. It is going to pay $1. 00, $2. 50, and $S_CO a share over the next three years, respectively. After that, the company has stated that the annual dividend will be $1. 5 per share indefinitely What is this stock worth to you per share if you demand a 7% rate of return? This is the two stage model where each dividend is discounted separately until the dividend stabilizes in year 4. Period Dividend 1. 25 IV formula (1. 25/ 2. 1836 4. 0815 14. 5767 Total iv Note: the stock becomes a perpetuity in year 4 (terminal value as of the end of year 3) and the terminal value then must be discounted back too present value today. 30. Which of the following amounts is closest to the value of a bond that pays $55 semiannually and has an effective semiannual interest rate Of 5%?

Instruction and Assessment Unique to Each Student

Instruction and Assessment Unique to Each Student If teaching were as simple as using the one best way to teach everything, it would be considered more of a science. However, there isnt just one best way to teach everything and thats why teaching is an art. If teaching meant simply following a text book and using the same size fits all approach, then anyone could teach, right? Thats what makes teachers and especially special educators unique and special. Long ago, teachers knew that individual needs, strengths and weaknesses must drive instructional and assessment practice. Weve always known that children come in their own individual packages and that no two children learn the same way even though the curriculum may be the same. Instructional and assessment practice can (and should) be different to ensure that learning happens. This is where differentiated instruction and assessment comes in. Teachers need to create a variety of entry points to ensure that student differing abilities, strengths, and needs are all taken into consideration. Students then need varying opportunities to demonstrate their knowledge based on the teaching, hence differentiated assessment. Here are the nuts and bolts of differentiated instruction and assessment: Choice is key to the process. Choice of learning activity as well as choice in the assessment (how the student will demonstrate understanding).The learning tasks always consider the students strengths/weaknesses. Visual learners will have visual cues, auditory learners will have auditory cues etc.Groupings of students will vary, some will work better independently and others will work in various group settings.Multiple intelligence is taken into consideration as are the students learning and thinking styles .Lessons are authentic to ensure that all students can make connections.Project and problem based learning are also key in differentiated instruction and assessment.Lessons and assessments are adapted to meet the needs of all students.Opportunities for children to think for themselves is clearly evident. Differentiated instruction and assessment IS NOT NEW! Great teachers have been implementing these strategies for a long time. What does differentiated instruction and assessment look like? First of all, identify the learning outcomes. For the purpose of this explanation, Ill use Natural Disasters. Now we need to tap into our students prior knowledge. What do they know? For this stage you can do a brainstorm with the whole group or small groups or individually. Or, you can do a KWL chart. Graphic organizers work well for tapping into prior knowledge. You may also consider using a who, what, when, where, why and how graphic organizers individually or in groups. Key to this task is ensuring that everyone can contribute. Now that youve identified what the students know, its time to move into what they need and want to learn. You can post chart paper around the room dividing the topic into sub topics. For instance, for natural disasters I would post chart paper with different headings (hurricanes, tornadoes, tsunamis, earthquakes etc.). Each group or individual comes to the chart paper and writes down what they know about any of the topics. From this point you can form discussion groups based on interest, each group signs up for the natural disaster they want to learn more about. The groups will need to identify the resources that will help them gain additional information. Now its time to determine how the students will demonstrate their new knowledge after their investigations/research which will include books, documentaries, internet research etc. For this, again, choice is necessary as is taking into consideration their strengths/needs and learning styles. Here are some suggestions: create a talk show, write a news release, teach the class, create an informational brochure, create a powerpoint to show everyone, make illustrations with descriptors, give a demonstration, role play a newscast, create a puppet show, write an information song, poem, rap or cheer, create flow charts or show a step by step process, put on an informational commercial, create a jeopardy or who wants to be a millionaire game. The possibilities with any topic are endless. Through these processes, students can also keep journals in a variety of methods. They can jot down their new facts and ideas about the concepts followed by their thoughts and reflections. Or they can keep a log of what they know and what questions they still have. A Word About Assessment You can assess the following: completion of tasks, the ability to work with and listen to others, participation levels, respects self and others, ability to discuss, explain, make connections, debate, support opinions, infer, reason, re-tell, describe, report, predict etc.The assessment rubric should contain descriptors for both social skills and knowledge skills. As you can see, you have probably already been differentiating your instruction and assessment in much of what youre already doing. You may be asking, when does direct instruction come into play? As youre watching your groups, there will always be some students who will need some additional support, recognize it as you see it and pull those individuals together to help move them along the learning continuum. If you can answer the following questions, youre well on your way. How are you differentiating content? (variety of leveled materials, choice, varied presentation formats etc.)How are you differentiating assessment? (students have many options to demonstrate their new knowledge)How are you differentiating the process? (choice and variety of tasks that consider learning styles, strengths, and needs, flexible groupings etc.) Although differentiating can be challenging at times, stick with it, you will see results.

Signs Youre Meant to Go to Law School

Signs Youre Meant to Go to Law School Think that law school is for you? Law school is notoriously expensive, hard, and often boring. Moreover, jobs are hard to come by, not as lucrative as depicted by TV, and certainly not as interesting. Many law students and graduates are dismayed to learn that a career in law is nothing like they imagined. How do you avoid disappointment and disillusionment? Make sure that you are going to law school for the right reasons and after seeking the right experiences.   1.  You Know What You Want to Do With Your Degree Law school is for making lawyers. Be sure that you want to practice the law. Sure, law degrees are versatile  Ã‚  you do not have to be a practicing attorney. Plenty of  lawyers work in other fields, but a law degree isn’t needed to work in these areas. Should you seek an extraordinarily expensive degree and acquire massive loan debt to get a job that does not require your degree? Make sure that you know what you want to do and that a law degree is essential to accomplishing your career goals. 2.  You Have Some Experience in Law Too many students apply to law school without having spent even an afternoon in a legal setting. Some law students get their first taste of the law on their internships, after a year ​or more of law school. What’s worse is that some of these inexperienced law students decide that they dislike working in legal settings but after investing the time and money in law school stick it out and potentially become more miserable. Make an informed decision about whether law school is for you based on having some experience in the field. Entry level work in a legal environment can help you see what a legal career is really like a lot of paper pushing and decide if it is for you. 3. You Have Sought Career Advice From Lawyers What is a career in law like? You can spend time in legal settings and observe, but it’s always useful to get the perspective of a few lawyers. Talk to experienced lawyers:  What is their job like? What do they love about it? What isnt so fun? What would they do differently? Also approach more junior lawyers. Find out about their experiences transitioning from law school to a career. What was their experience on the job market? How long did it take to find a job? What do they like best about their career, and least? What would they do differently? Most importantly, if they could do it over, would they go to law school? In today’s difficult market more and more young lawyers answer, â€Å"No.† 4. You Have a Scholarship With three years of tuition and expenses running $100,000 to $200,000, deciding whether to go to law school is more than an educational and career decision, it is a financial decision with life-long repercussions. A scholarship can ease that burden. Recognize, however, that scholarships are renewed only when students maintain a given GPA and grades are very tough in law school. It is not uncommon for students to lose scholarships after the first year of law school, so beware. 5. You Cannot See Yourself Doing Anything Else in Life Than Practice Law Be honest. It is easy to make this claim, but research job options and do your homework as outlined above. Whatever you do, do not go to law school because you do not know what else to do with your life. Make sure that you have an informed understanding of the field and what success in law school requires. If so, prepare your law school application and plan ahead.